The history and Development of Stop Motion Animation

Persistence of Vision-


Thaumatrope-
a thaumatrope was originally used as a toy in the 19th century, it is made up of a small disk and two pieces of string. The disk has two drawings, that when spun look as if it is one picture. the in

Phenakistoscope-
The Phenakistoscope was created in 1832 by a Belgium national, Joseph Plateau. It is an early animation device, it is made up of a round disk, in separate sections are drawings that when spun, gives the illusion that the images are moving.

Zoetrope-
A Zoetrope is a pre-film animation device, made up of a spinning drum, and like a Phenakistoscope, a strip of paper with individual pictures hand drawn onto them. It was created in 1833 by a Chinese inventor Ding Huan.

Praxinoscope-
The Praxinoscope was created in France, by Charles-Emile Raynaud in 1877. This invention was the successor of the earlier Zoetrope, still using the drum and paper slip, a mirror was added o the center, and a peep hole in which you see the reflections from the paper in the mirror.

Kinetiscope-
The Kinetiscope is an early movie watching device, designed for one person to watch the animations at a time, through a looking glass in the top of the machine, the hand painted film reel passes through at speed giving the illusion of the pictures moving. It was created by Thomas Edison and developed between 1889 and 1892.

Music Videos& Movies-


Coldplay-Strawberry Swing

I would say that this music video is aimed at a younger mainstream audience, both males and females, between the ages of 14-25. This is because Coldplay are a mainstream band followed by thousands around the world, therefor their music video will also be viewed by thousands.
It has comical elements which might also appeal to a younger audience, due to the bright colours and the superhero element.




Chicken Run

Chicken run is a family film, appealing to both younger and older audiences, the advert shows that the film is aimed at both older and younger generations using components of both action and comedy films, created by Nick Mark, the man behind Wallace and Grommet, a well known animated series.




Volvo V70 advert-

The volvo v70 advert features paper cut outs of certain parts of a car to create the whole image of a car driving along, the scissors are moving along by them selves cutting out the parts, starting with the wheels and ending with the coloured body of the car.




George Pal-
George Pal is a Hungarian animator and film producer, primarily in the science fiction genre. He was nominated for Academy Awards for seven consecutive years from 1942-1948.

Willis O'Brien-
Willis O'Brien was an animator from Oakland, California. He was hired by Thomas Edison after the release of Dinosaur and and The Missing Link to create more films of historical value. The lost world and King Kong were some of his most popular films.

Ray Harryhausen-
was born in Los Angeles, California in 1920. in 1938, he worked on his most ambitious project, Evolution Of the world, he had to create different types of dinosaurs but found the project to difficult.

Phil Tippet-
Phil Tippet specializes inn stop motion and visual effects. He was one of the creators of the Imperial Walkers and  the hologram Chess Pieces in Star Wars:IV and of the dinosaurs in Jurassic Park.

Otmar Gutmann-
Otmar Gutmann was a German Television producer, Director and Animator. Otmar was the creator of the much loved family show, Pingu, which lasted from 1986-2000. He did not write the episodes, though he did direct and animate them using clay animation.

Tim Burton & Henry Selick-
Both are known for their distinctly creepy and unique style of directing and animation. Tim Burton is an american writer and animator, creating famous titles, such as; The Nightmare Before Christmas ans The Corpse Bride. He used puppets and detailed modeling to create the films we know and love.
Henry Selick is an american stop motion animator, who worked with Tim Burton in the previously mentioned films as well as the models for James and The Giant Peach and Coralline. 

Adam Shaheen-
Shaheen is a Brittish animator, Television Producer and Screenwriter, he founded the company 'Cuppa Coffee' where he develops and produces original programming.He has produced over 200 adverts and won over 100 awards around the world and has worked with big companies such as Nickelodeon and Disney.

Quay Brothers-
Stephen and Timothy Quay, born 1947 are British animators who mostly dark and moody animations, they use things such as doll parts to create their animations. Their animated films are highly reliant on their music scores.

Nick Park-
Nick Park is a British animator, specializing in using clay stop motion animation, He has created shows and movies such as Wallace and Gromit and Chicken Run. He has been nominated for academy awards a total of six times and won four times.